QA|| SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTERESTS

Simple Interest

• The amount which is lent / deposited is called Principal
• The money that the principal generates is called Interest. This is the money generated as a result of borrowing/lending.
• Simple Interest is the interest calculated on the Principal amount, rather than being calculated on cumulative amount.
• Simple Interest, SI = P x R x T / 100, where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest per unit time period and T is the time period.
• Final Amount = Principal + SI

Sample Problems

Question 1 : What would be the annual interest accrued on a deposit of Rs. 10,000 in a bank that pays 4 % per annum rate of simple interest ?
Solution : Here, P = 10000, R = 4, T = 1
=> SI = P x R x T / 100
=> SI = 10000 x 4 x 1 / 100
=> SI = 400
Thus, the annual interest would be Rs. 400

Question 2 : A sum of money amounts to Rs. 28,000 in 2 years at 20 % simple interest per annum. Find the sum.
Solution : Here, A = 18000, T = 2, R = 20
=> A = P + SI
=> A = P + (P x R x T / 100)
=> A = P [1 + (R x T / 100)]
=> 28000 = P [1 + 0.4]
=> P = 28000 / 1.4
=> P = 20000
Thus, the required sum is Rs. 20,000

Question 3 : A man borrowed a certain sum of money at the rate of 6 % per annum for the first two years , 9% per annum for the next three years, and 14% per annum for the period beyond 5 years. If he pays a total interest of Rs. 22,800 at the end of 9 years, find the amount he borrowed.
Solution : Let the borrowed sum be P.
=> SI for first 2 years + SI for next 3 years + SI for next 4 years = 22800
=> (P x 6 x 2 / 100) + (P x 9 x 3 / 100) + (P x 14 x 4 / 100) = 22800
=> 95 P / 100 = 22800
=> P = 24000
Therefore, Borrowed sum = Rs. 24,000

Question 4 : At what annual rate of interest will a sum of money be thrice in 10 years?
Solution : Amount = Principal + SI
If the sum of money would be thrice the principal after 10 years, the SI would be twice the principal.
=> SI = 2 x P
=> (P x R x T / 100) = 2 X P
=> R x T / 100 = 2
=> R x T = 200
=> R x 10 = 200
=> R = 20 %
Thus, the required rate of interest is 20 %

Question 5 : The simple interest on a sum of money in 5 years at 12 % per annum is Rs. 400 less than the simple interest accrued on the same sum in 7 years at 10 % per annum. Find the sum.
Solution : Let the sum be P.
=> SI in 5 years at 12 % per annum = P x 12 x 5 / 100 = 0.6 P
=> SI in 7 years at 10 % per annum = P x 10 x 7 / 100 = 0.7 P
Now, according to the question,
0.7 P – 0.6 P = 400
=> 0.1 P = 400
=> P = 4000
Thus, the required sum is Rs. 4000

Question 6 : A sum of Rs. 1000 was lent to two people, one at the rate of 5 % and other at the rate of 8 %. If the simple interest after one year is Rs. 62, find the sum lent at each rate.
Solution : Let the sum lent at 5 % be P.
=> Sum lent at 8 % = 1000 – P
Now, according to the question,
SI for 5 % + SI for 8 % = 62
=> (P x 5 x 1 / 100) + ((1000 – P) x 8 x 1 / 100) =62
=> 5 P + 8 (1000 – P) = 620
=> 5 P + 8000 – 8 P = 6200
=> 3 P = 1800
=> P = 600
Therefore, sum lent at 5 % = P = Rs. 600
Sum lent at 8 % = 1000 – P = Rs. 400

 Compound Interest

• The amount which is lent / deposited is called Principal
• The money that the principal generates is called Interest. This is the money generated as a result of borrowing/lending.
• Compound Interest is the interest calculated on the cumulative amount, rather than being calculated on the principal amount only.
• Amount, A = P [1 + (R / 100)]n, where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest per unit time period and n is the time period.
• Compound Interest, CI = Amount – Principal
• If compounding period is not annual, rate of interest is divided in accordance with the compounding period. For example, if interest is compounded half yearly, then rate of interest would be R / 2, where ‘R’ is the annual rate of interest.
  1. If interest is compounded daily, rate of interest = R / 365 and A = P [ 1 + ( {R / 365} / 100 ) ]T, where ‘T’ is the time period. For example, if we have to calculate the interest for 1 year, then T = 365. For 2 years, T = 730.
  2. If interest is compounded monthly, rate of interest = R / 12 and A = P [ 1 + ( {R / 12} / 100 ) ]T, where ‘T’ is the time period. For example, if we have to calculate the interest for 1 year, then T = 12. For 2 years, T = 24.
  3. If interest is compounded half yearly, rate of interest = R / 2 and A = P [ 1 + ( {R / 2} / 100 ) ]T, where ‘T’ is the time period. For example, if we have to calculate the interest for 1 year, then T = 2. For 2 years, T = 4.
• For finding the time period in which a sum of money will double itself at R % rate of compound interest compounded annually, we generally use either of the following two formulas :
  1. Time, T = 72 / R Years
  2. Time, T = 0.35 + (69 / R) Years
• When rate of interest is different for different years, say R1, R2, R3 and so on, the amount is calculated as A = P [1 + (R1 / 100)] [1 + (R2 / 100)] [1 + (R3 / 100)] …

Sample Problems

Question 1 : Find the compound interest on Rs. 10,000 at 10% per annum for a time period of three and a half years.
Solution : Time period of 3 years and 6 months means for 3 years, the interest is compounded yearly and for the remaining 6 months, the interest is compounded compounded half yearly. This means that we have 3 cycles of interest compounded yearly and 1 cycle of interest compounded half yearly.
So, Amount = P [1 + (R / 100)]3 [1 + ( {R/2} / 100 )]
=> Amount = 10000 [1 + 0.1]3 [1 + 0.05]
=> Amount = 10000 (1.1)3 (1.05)
=> Amount = Rs. 13975.50
=> Compound Interest, CI = Amount – Principal = 13975.50 – 10000
Therefore, CI = Rs. 3975.50

Question 2 : If Rs. 5000 amounts to Rs. 5832 in two years compounded annually, find the rate of interest per annum.
Solution : Here, P = 5000, A = 5832, n = 2
A = P [1 + (R / 100)]n
=> 5832 = 5000 [1 + (R / 100)]2
=> [1 + (R / 100)]2 = 5832 / 5000
=> [1 + (R / 100)]2 = 11664 / 10000
=> [1 + (R / 100)] = 108 / 100
=> R / 100 = 8 / 100
=> R = 8 %
Thus, the required rate of interest per annum in 8 %

Question 3 : The difference between the SI and CI on a certain sum of money at 10 % rate of annual interest for 2 years is Rs. 549. Find the sum.
Solution : Let the sum be P.
R = 10 %
n = 2 years
SI = P x R x n / 100 = P x 10 x 2 / 100 = 0.20 P
CI = A – P = P [1 + (R / 100)]n – P = 0.21 P
Now, it is given that CI – SI = 549
=> 0.21 P – 0.20 P = 549
=> 0.01 P = 549
=> P = 54900
Therefore, the required sum of money is Rs. 54,900

Question 4 : A sum of Rs. 1000 is to be divided among two brothers such that if the interest being compounded annually is 5 % per annum, then the money with the first brother after 4 years is equal to the money with the second brother after 6 years.
Solution : Let the first brother be given Rs. P
=> Money with second brother = Rs. 1000 – P
Now, according to the question,
P [1 + (5 / 100)]4 = (1000 – P) [1 + (5 / 100)]6
=> P (1.05)4 = (1000 – P) (1.05)6
=> 0.9070 P = 1000 – P
=> 1.9070 P = 1000
=> P = 524.38
Therefore, share of first brother = Rs. 524.38
Share of second brother = Rs. 475.62

Question 5 : A sum of money amounts to Rs. 669 after 3 years and to Rs. 1003.50 after 6 years on compound interest. Find the sum.
Solution : Let the sum of money be Rs. P
=> P [1 + (R/100)]3= 669 and P [1 + (R/100)]6= 1003.50
Dividing both equations, we get
[1 + (R/100)]3 = 1003.50 / 669 = 1.50
Now, we put this value in the equation P [1 + (R/100)]3= 669
=> P x 1.50 = 669
=> P = 446
Thus, the required sum of money is Rs. 446

Question 6 : An investment doubles itself in 15 years if the interest is compounded annually. How many years will it take to become 8 times?
Solution : it is given that the investment doubles itself in 15 years.
Let the initial investment be Rs. P
=> At the end of 15 years, A = 2 P
Now, this 2 P will be invested.
=> Amount after 15 more years = 2 x 2 P = 4 P
Now, this 4 P will be invested.
=> Amount after 15 more years = 2 x 4 P = 8 P
Thus, the investment (P) will become 8 times (8 P) in 15 + 15 + 15 = 45 years